Shrapnel-shell.



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No. 723,256. V PATENTED MAR. 24, 1903.

A. H.-EMERY.

SHRAPNEL SHELL.

APPLIOATION FILED JU-Ly 12, 1901. No MODEL. V

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No. 723,256. A. H. BMERY. 1

SHRAPNEL SHELL. APPLIUATION FILED JULY l2. 1901.

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NO MODEL.

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' No. 723,256.' PATENTED MAR. 24, 1903.

A.,H. EMERY.

SHRAPNEL SHELL.

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. rrn Sterns ALBERT H. EMERY, OF STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT.

SHRAPNEL=SHELL SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 723,256, dated Marchy 24,' 1903.

Box-iai No. 68.003. (No model- Application filed Jnlv 12,`l90l.

To a/ZZ whom it may concern/ Be it known that I, ALBERT 11. EMERY, a-

- citizen of the United States, and a resident of Stamford, in the county of Fairfield, in the State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Shrapnel- Shells, of which the following is a specification.

This invention is illustrated in the drawings by fourteen figures, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of the preferred form of this shell, partly in section'. Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the shell shown in Fig. l on the line A A. Fig. 3 is a section ofthe same with a modification inthe form of the outer row of projectiles. Fig. Ltis a full-sized view of the gas-check and riflingring. Fig. 5 is a full-sized view of a plug closing one of the interior chambers. Fig. ti shows a portion of an empty case or body of la shell in side elevation, partly in section.

Fig. 7 shows a side elevation ofy one form ot' this shell, partly in section, where the packing-ring is made separately from the'shell and screwed thereon. y Fig'. 8 shows a transverse section of this shell on a line B B, Fig. 7.

y Figs. 9 to 14, inclusive, show "a body or case.

of a. shell in different stages-of the process of stamping an'd drawing from the blank to the nearly-finished shell.

. In all the drawings, 1 represents the case.

This case is made with thin walls and a thick base.' .The walls are made thin so as to weigh but little and permit the interior ofthe case to hold many projectiles. Theyare also made thin to insure breakingv into,small pieces when the shell explodes. To make them as thin as is desiredfthey must be of ductile metal, soft'steel,'brass, or bronze being the most suitable. Steel, though subject to rust, is ntore economical than bronze. The base of the projectile must be thick enough to avoid breaking in the gun when firing.

Fig. 1 shows a projectile which is intended for large guns and may be used with very heavy pressures and is suitable for penetrat- 1 ing targets ot' very material resistance, as

will also the shell shown in Fig. 7, though that in Fig. 1 has a stronger base and is intended for higher firing pressures. When the shrapnel is to be used for penetration, it

is especially desirable that this base should be strong and soconstructed and arranged have vthe metal constituting the base so disposedJ that when the shell explodes avery material portion ot' the base will break into several pieces, and thus` do duty as shrapnel.

In Figs. .Ll to 14 the case 1 is shown in different stages of the stamping` or drawing, where I begin from acylindrical blank,(shown in Fig. 9,) which is drawn by forcing it in and through dies irstinto the form shown in Fig. 10, then 11, afterward 12 and 13, by continued drawing until the walls have reached the desired thickness and length, when the whole is placed in a die and the base is brought u p to the required diameter toform the lip and riding-ring, when the metal is suitable for this and it is to be integral with the case, It' the metal is sufiiciently ductile, the groove which is made to form the lip 1 maybe pressed in, 0r it may .be turned in in a' pass through successive drawings 'until it reaches the desired form; but I prefer in all cases, whether made of brass, brenne, or soft steel, to start with forged instead of cast metal and prefer to-start for the drawing with a cylindrical blank about the form and proportions shown in Fig. 9, this blank being previously cut from a forged bar. It may well be cut from a bar not much' larger than the diameter ofthe finished projectile, but best from a bar ot smaller diameter, and then be upset to nearly the proportions shown in Fig. 9, as this gives more working and toughens the metal. j

In all the drawings, 1a shows a thin lip around-the rear of the base, with a diameter somewhat larger than the bore of the gun at [OOl the bottom of the grooves, thus forming a check, which entirely cuts off the fiow of past the shell in uueroded guus.

lbshows a portion ofthe shell in Figs. 6 and 7 of a diameter nearly or quite as large as the here ofthe gun measured at the bottom of the grooves. As the projectile is forced vforwaril the iands and cause it to rotate with the rate due to the twist of' the grooves. vThe section ot' the projectile at this point should be suchthat the part. which constitutes the rifling-ring will fill the grooves full at the time the bore has its maximum expansion under the extreme pressure prod need by firing. Vrlhis not only causes the projectile to turn with the riding-grooves, but filling the bore completely full prevents the passage of gas in uner'oded guns, thus nearly preventing erosion.

Without the lip la the momentary enlargement of the chamber of the gun and the consequent enlargement of the bore at the shotseat around the riding-ring permit the gases to flow rapidly under very high pressure and heat past the riding-ring before the projectile moves much, quickly eroding the bore of the gun, and such erosion will rapidly increase at each subsequent firing. The use of the tight-fitting, thin, easily-expandinglip la prevents this passage of the gases in uneroded guns, and soin a against erosion.

The case of' the shell may be of metal so soft that it maybe worked in the dies either hot or cold and yet so hard that it is too great gasgas

a strain on the gun and lands to force it through the bore of the gun when made as above described, because the pressure on the lands to force their way into tha/t part of' the shell which forms the packing and rifling ring would he too great for the lands to endure well. In such a case it would be well to use the riding and packing ring in a separate piece, as shown in Fig. 7, Where thea-ing. .1 lb is made of a suitable metal, such as bronze or copper, securely fastened' to the shell. I may avoid the use of this separate piece by forming lands lc on the riding-ring, as shown in Figs. l, 2, 3, and 4, where the base of the projectile is made to fit the expanded bore tightly at time of firing, being too large to move from the powder-chamber into the bore until the bore is momentarily enlarged at time of firing, when, although the projectile lits tightly, the heavy pressure behind it forces it forward inthe expanded and tightly-fitting bore. These lands 'may well be used, even if the metal is soft enough to work well without their formation previous to tiring, and they may well be used it' a softmetal packing-ring l lb used.` Though not there shown, they might well be provided, as the projectile will move more easily and with less wear on the lands than therewould be if the ring is left solid without the lands, as shown in Fig. 7.' When these lands are used, they should 'ne pointed press into this part of the projectile I great measure protects them (shown in Fig. "Zjlis lat their front ends, as shown in Fig. 1, as should also the rear en'ds of the lands in the lgun from which they are to be fired, andthe bore of the gun at'the shot-seat should be of such diameter that the projectile may be forced forward until the forward portion of its riding-lands have entered the grooves in the gun, while at the same time the bore of the gun is of such diameter' as to cause the enlarged lip of the projectile to prevent furl ther forward movement of' the projectile until firing takes place. When thus formed, the projectile can be carefully slipped to its seat inthe-gun. Y

The ordinary shrapnelshell is very poorly adapted for penetration. When this projectile is to be used for a field-shell, the matter of penetration is not of vital importance; but when it is used from guus on shipboard or from coast-defense guns against ships it is often very desirable that it have great powers lof penetration. This is especially the case Whenever it is not used with a time-fuse, but is desired to explode after it has passed into the ship or fortification. For this reason I make the front 2 best of tempered steel, tough and hard, with offsets normal to the 'axis of the shrapnel-shell and closely fitting the front end of the longitudinal piles of projectiles contained therein.

Spherical balls or spherical balls flattened on two opposite faces are not at all suitable for a projectile which is to have much penetrating power. Spherical balls in filling up the shell, except the powder-chamber, occupy more space than they should for the weight they have, owing to the large cavities be- -tween them. For this reason and because of their unfitness for use in a shell where penetration is desired I would not use them at all, but in ltheir place use short llat-ended prismatic or cylindrical projectiles 3, with preferably slightly-rounded corners. They should in all cases be arranged to form annular layers, in which the projectiles of any annular layer are of uniform length. The offsets in the base may well be made of such thickness and the length of these small projectiles 3 such that those of one annular column break joints withtho'se of the adjacent column, as shown in Fig. 1, which is not done in the projectile shown in Fig. 7, though it could well have been done, .as when so piled the tendency is to better break up the outer portion of the base when the projectile explodes, If the round, but of the forms shown in Figs. 3 and lprojcctiles 3 are cast in the ordinary way, not

pile with entire uniformity as desired; but this will require that the inequalities of weights are such that the extra weight of any projectile used will not quite fill up the corners when pressed in the die and that t-hose of the lightest Weight used will not when pressed to the required length in the die leave greater spaces for the rounding at the corners than is desired or permissible. Steel is ro the most suitable material for these projectiles both on account of cost and ability to stand up and do the work in use.r When made of steel, I prefer to make them of rolled or drawn hars, which had best be made of a I5 section very nearly the desired form, with diameters slightly smaller than are desired in the finished projectile. When the bar has been rolled or drawn vto the required size, it

should be sheared into such lengths as willA zo give the required weight and then be pressed in dies to have the required length and form desired, with the properdiameters for piling. The variation in weights made in shearing should not be so great as to prevent some rounding of the corners when pressed io the proper length, nor so light as to leave the `rounding at the corners greater than is desired or permissible. This is easily accomplished with the rolled or drawn bars, which 3o are much cleaner and better to vuse in the dies than are the cast projectiles and at the same time are very much less expensive. Besides when these projectiles are made from rolled or drawn bars the projectiles are not o"nly made more uniform and better, but the machinery is readily made automatic, so that very long bars are fed to the machine and made into finished projectiles without fur-Q ther handling` These projectiles ma7 well 4o be made and usedl in the form shown in Figs. 7 and 8, Where they are of nearly'uniform weight, or they may he used of the forms shown in Figs. l, 2, and 8. In this case they are piled as shown. When so made, if they are made of uniform lengths, which is very desirable, the weights of those in the outer annular column are heavier than those interior thereto.

2 are better shaped than those shown in Fig.

5o 3, as theyl fill the shell more closely and cailse the case when the projectile explodes to break up more uniformly than if they are formed and piled as shown in Figs. 3 or 8. In this respect the cylindrical form for the second row, (shown-in Fig. 2,) acting in conjunction with the form shown in the outer row in Fig.-

2, tends to split the case into as many longitudinal pieces as there are projectiles in the 4outer row. There is not so much regularity 6o in this respect in those of the form shown in Fig. 3, and still less when they are of the form shown-in Fig. 8. The form of the inner row of projectiles shown in each of Figs. 2,

3, and 8 supports very well the powder-case for the interior bursting charge. In Figs. 2

and the size, form, and piling of the pro- The outer row of those in Fig.l

in Figs.' 2 and half the number of the next adjoining ring,

and the hars are rolled not -only to iit each other on the adjacent sides and the annular case of the explosive, bbut the exteriory is rolled to fit two of the adjoining outer pro jectiles. Making these projectiles thus and piling as here shown has the eiect to prevent the early separation of the projectiles,

they by their inertia forming a heavy resist-I y ing case lor wall aroundihe explosive, against which the explosive piles up aV very heavy- ,j

gas-pressure before separation ytaires*place. The result is that a much more violent explosion occurs with the same Weight of explosive, andthe projectiles are separated with much more force than if they are loosely as-v sembled in the ordinary poorly-hitting ways.. lin Fig. 2 all the projectiles are shown piled absolutely symmetrical with those' around them, and they remain so until the'prbjectile is burst, which insures the uniform distribu-` tion desired. In Fig. 3 they are also all so piled, and they will all remain so, except the outer row, which may or may not retain the symmetrical position with reference'to the,

others, als the outer row could loe moved a little, so that the position of those projectiles of the outer row would not he symmetrical Awiththose next adjoining, as now shown. I

The form, therefore, in Fig. 2 is much prefv.ferable for this reason and for the additional `."ieason of filling more fully the case of the shell. f

i Nhen this shell is used for penetration and l fire from a large gun into a ship or fort, it is very desirable that `after penetration it should explode with great force, driving its many contained projectiles and the many .fragments into which the exterior is then broken with high velocity in' all directions. For this purpose preferto use in the interior chainber a high explosive, which, if as sensitive as`explosive gelatin, should he divided into such lengths by transverse supporting-diaphragme that it will not explode by the shock of firing. Fig. 1 shows a shell so' charged with high explosive Where the interor space for the explosive is shown divided into four compartments hy three diaphragms 4. These diaphragme are supported by. the inner row of projectiles and by an inner tube 5. This tube may he' made of -four short pieces of such lengths as to help support the diaphragme. Each tube may be in a single tube, as shown in Fig. 1, though I prefer them built of staves, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.' The inner row of projectiles, these tubes 5, and the three diaphragme 4, as

shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3, divide the annu.

lar powder-chamber into four annular charnbors, each of Which i's shown charged with a tightly-fitting case 6, lled with high eXplosifze 7. The case 6 when so nsed vshould be of suitable material, best thi'n sheet metal, in which the explosive is placed and sealed, as explained in my application of July 12,

.1901, Serial No. 68,004. The central tubes are :closed and separated from each other by asmallfscrew-plug 8, (shown in Fig. 5,) which has at its upper end a thin flange. The

strength of this flange is not great, and sufthe one behind it it should have a sufficient violence to burst the tube or separate the stares and detonate the high explosive 7 in the chamber around it.

The front of the projectile is here shown closed With a cap 9. `When the shell is not to explode from impact with the target or from a delayed fuse in the front interior tube, the plug 9 is removed anda time-fuse screwed therein, arranged tc explode at the proper' time.V No fuse is here shown, nor are any )firing or detonating charges shown in the inner tubes.

Having thus described my invention, what l claim as new therein,and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a shrapnel-case a cylindrical body and base formed from a single 'piece of forged d nctile metal by stamping and drawing it into athick;based and thin-walled hollenr cylinyderef thefdesired formin one piece; *aid base having a thin integral lip extending from its rear for riding the shell and preventing. theA gases from passing it at the time of firing, said lip having a diameter greaterthan the diameter at the bottom of the grooves on the bore of the gun from which itis to be fired.

2. ln a shrapnel-case a cylindrical body and base formed from asingle piece of forged ductile metal by stamping and drawing it into a thick-based and thin-Walled hollow cylinder of the desired form. in one piece; said base having a thin integral lip extending from its rear, with projections on its exterior to fit the grooves of the gun.

3. A shrapnel having a hase formed with a series of concentric odsets each having a continuous, plane face constructed to receive and support annular columns of projectiles seated thereon.

4. In a shrapnel constructed to receive a series of annular columns of projectiles with a central explosive charge; a base formed with a series of odsets upon whjh the coluinns respectively seat and inln'easing in thickness toward the center.

5. Ashrapnel-shellhavingn series ofcloselyfitting annular columns made up of small projectiles piled together, these projectiles being constructed from rolled cig/drawn bars of uniform section sheared in t( substantially uniform lengths and pressed in a die to bring them to exact dimensions of lengt-h and diameter to permit of exact symmetrical piling.

o'. In a shrapnel, the combination of the shell, an annular group of projectiles symmetrica-lly arranged Within the shell and leaving an inner chamber, and transverse partitions dividing said inner chamber, iuto a longitudinal series of chambers, and inner annular columns of projectiles located between the'transverse partitions to support them.

7. In a shrapnel, the combination of ashell, the annular group of projectiles arranged around the inner wall of the shell and leaving a central space within them, the series of transverse partitions Ydividing the central space into aiongitudinal series of spaces, ceutral tubes in the longitudinal series of spaces, dividing each into a central and a surrounding annular chamber; and aiding to support the transverse partitions.

8. In an explosive shrapnel, the combination of the shell, a group of symmetrically-arranged` projectiles leaving a central space Within them', the central tube, the transverse partitions dividing the spa e between said tube and group of projectile into a series of annular chambers, and formed with annular seats, and' the annular envelope fitting said seats and filling the spaces between the partitions.

The foregoing speci-cation signed this 3d dav ot' July, i901.

ALBERT Hl EMERY.

ln presence ofe- NATHL. R. HART, J oHN E. KEELER.

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